This book discusses the convergence between nanotechnology and sustainability detailing the advances in addressing global challenges in achieving technological advancement in nanoscience. It delves into eco-friendly advancements in agricultural nanotechnology, highlighting the transformative potential and challenges. The core of the book emphasizes green chemistry approaches, detailing the biological routes for synthesizing nanomaterials, alongside non-biological methods that minimize environmental impact. It investigates the biocompatibility of green nanomaterials for safer applications and assesses their recyclability and reusability. Chapters on life cycle assessment provide insights into the environmental footprints of nanomaterials. The book contrasts top-down and bottom-up approaches while comparing chemical and green synthesis. Special attention is given to nanomaterials derived from lignocellulosic biomass, underlining the role of waste valorization. In addition, it offers a critical analysis of challenges and perspectives in green nanotechnology, setting a roadmap for sustainable advancements. The book consists of 18 chapters that explore various aspects of green synthesis of nanomaterials. Chapters are contributed by 64 recognized scientists from 7 countries and subjected to a rigorous review process to ensure quality presentation and scientific precision. Chapters begin with an introduction providing background followed by a detailed discussion of the topic accompanied by 129 high-quality color figures and 24 tables. Each chapter concludes with recommendations for future study directions. The book is an excellent reference source for graduate students engaged in nanotechnology and for professional researchers working on translational research on nanomaterial biological and physiochemical aspects.