This book contains a wide compendium of information, which includes algal culture basics and the newest scientific and industrial advances in microalgal applications, including traditional uses such as renewable energy biofuels, wastewater treatment, edible products, aquaculture and livestock production. It also presents emerging perspectives of microalgae valorization, for example, health/cosmetic products, biofertilizers, bioplastics, vaccine delivery systems, nanotechnology and enzymes bio-factories. Moreover, this book provides a comprehensive overview for those readers that are initiating the study about microalgae potential as a renewable source of valuable commercial products and highlights the state-of-the-art on the innovative advances for scientific researchers, students and microalgae commercial producers, which already focused in developing microalgae biotechnology for bioenergy, food, and other applications. Also, the role of microalgae technology in the blue economy is analyzed, an aspect with high relevance in the present and the future time, but which is regularly understudied.