This book mainly focuses on the key technologies and important issues related to localization estimation and formation control for networked multi-agent systems. Chapter 1 introduces the concepts of multi-agent systems, fundamental issues in localization and formation, research progress both at home and abroad, and the theory of system stability. Chapters 2-8 present research results on distributed localization estimation under conditions such as random deployment, non-ideal channels, random noise, varying-trajectory length, sensor multiplicative failure, and local bearing measurement. Chapter 9 focuses on integrated research progress in localization estimation and formation control for multi-agent systems under local perception conditions. The book demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of the theoretical methods through simulation and physical examples.