Building on the foundation of the first edition, this thoroughly updated volume reflects the rapid advancements and expanding clinical relevance of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) in neurosurgery. Once primarily a tool for preoperative mapping of cortical motor and language functions, nTMS is now increasingly recognized as a versatile instrument for individualized neurosurgical planning, risk stratification, and targeted neuromodulation. This second edition presents these principles of perioperative neurophysiology with new insights into the integration of nTMS with cutting-edge technologies such as advanced tractography and connectomic analyses offering a more nuanced view of brain networks and their role in both mapping and therapeutic contexts. Emerging applications-such as closed-loop stimulation and post-spinal cord injury rehabilitation-are covered in depth, reflecting the field's shift toward personalized neuromodulatory interventions. As in the first edition, the book serves both as a practical guide and a reference: neurosurgeons and neuroscientists new to nTMS will find essential protocols and implementation strategies, while experienced users will benefit from expert analysis of the latest techniques and clinical applications. Each chapter is authored by leading figures in the field, selected for their pioneering contributions and international expertise. With a spirit of collaboration and innovation at its core, this book captures the momentum and promise of nTMS in modern neurosurgery-moving from isolated functional regions to a network-based approach that is transforming patient care.