This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Workshop on Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition, RRPR 2016, held in Cancún, Mexico, in December 2016. The 12 revised full papers, among them 2 invited talks, presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 16 submissions. They focus on pattern recognition algorithms; reproducible research frameworks; reproducible research results, previous works on reproducible research.