Introduction and History Of PKP & KPRO: History of Penetrating Keratoplasty (PKP) -- History of Keratoprosthesis (KPRO) and Artificial Corneas. Anatomic and Physiological considerations: Anatomy and Physiology of the Cornea -- Anterior segment considerations for Keratoprosthesis -- Corneal wound healing and keratoprosthesis -- Overview of Relevant Clinical Disorders and their relation to Keratoprosthesis. Section III. Boston Keratoprosthesis: Materials, Engineering and Specifications of Boston KPRO types I and II -- Indications and Contraindications of Boston KPRO types I and II -- Boston KPRO types I Surgical Techniques -- Corneal and Anterior Segment Imaging Boston KPRO type I -- Boston KPRO type I: Outcomes -- Boston KPRO type I: Complications -- Boston KPRO type I and Glaucoma -- Boston KPRO type I: The role of the Contact Lens -- Boston KPRO type I: Vitreo-retinal Considerations -- Boston KPRO type I: Oculoplastic Complications -- Boston KPRO type I: Management of the Immunocompromised Patient -- Boston KPRO type I: in the Pediatric Age Group -- Prophylaxis and management of Infections in Boston KPRO type I -- Boston KPRO type II: Indications, Techniques, Outcomes and Complication Management -- Boston KPRO types I and II: Future Directions. Other Non-Integrating Keratoprosthesis and Artificial Corneas: OOKP: Indications, Contraindications and Surgical Techniques -- OOKP: Outcomes, Complications and Management -- Korea Seoul Type KPRO: Indications, Contraindications and Surgical Techniques -- Russian KPRO: Indications, Contraindications and Surgical Techniques -- KeraKlear KPRO: Indications, Contraindications and Surgical Techniques -- AlphaCor: Indications, Contraindications, Techniques and Outcomes -- Supradescemetic KPRO, Indications, Contraindications Technique and Outcomes. Integrating Artificial Corneas: Biological Challenges to Ideal Integrated Artificial Corneas -- Integrated Artificial Corneas: Current Developments -- Integrated Artificial Corneas : FutureDirections.