Catalysis -- Emergence and Evolution -- Architecture -- Protein-protein Interactions and Multicomponent Complexes -- Interactions with RNAs -- Secretion and Circulation -- Regulatory Roles -- Neural Diseases -- Cancer -- Immune Diseases -- Pathologic Implications of Mitochondrial tRNA Synthetases -- Infectious Diseases -- Reprogramming of Genetic Code -- Novel functions of tRNAs -- Perspectives for Systems and Synthetic Bio-Medicine.