chapter 1 Pharmacogenetics and Dermatology -- chapter 2 Ethnic Differences in Skin Properties: Objective Data -- chapter 3 Occlusion and Barrier Function -- chapter 4 Anatomical Factors Affecting Barrier Function -- chapter 5 Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers: Overview -- chapter 6 Percutaneous Absorption of Complex Chemical Mixtures -- chapter 7 Percutaneous Absorption: Short-Term Exposure, Lag Time, Multiple Exposures, Model Variations, and Absorption from Clothing -- chapter 8 Percutaneous Absorption: 7 Roles of Lipids -- chapter 9 Chemical Partitioning into Powdered Human Stratum Corneum: A Useful In Vitro Model for Studying Interactions of Chemicals and Human Skin -- chapter 10 Sensitive Skin -- chapter 11 Transdermal Drug Delivery System: An Overview -- chapter 12 Iontophoresis: From Historical Perspective to Its Place in Modern Medicine -- chapter 13 Irritant Dermatitis: Clinical Heterogeneity and Contributing Factors -- chapter 14 Systemic Contact Dermatitis -- chapter 15 Allergic Contact Dermatitis -- chapter 16 Mechanisms in Irritant and Allergic Contact Dermatitis -- chapter 17 Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Rational Work-Up -- chapter 18 Systemic Toxicity -- chapter 19 Concepts in Molecular Dermatotoxicology -- chapter 20 Molecular Basis of Allergic Contact Dermatitis -- chapter 21 Photoirritation (Phototoxicity, Phototoxic Dermatitis) -- chapter 22 Permeability of Skin to Metal Compounds, with Focus on Nickel and Copper -- chapter 23 Chemically Induced Scleroderma -- chapter 24 Chemical Agents That Cause Depigmentation -- chapter 25 Carcinogenesis: Current Trends in Skin Cancer Research -- chapter 26 Retinoids and Mechanisms of Their Toxicity -- chapter 27 Mechanisms in Cutaneous Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions -- chapter 28 Drug-Induced Ocular Phototoxicity -- chapter 29 Water: Is It an Irritant? -- chapter 30 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate -- chapter 31 Factors Infl uencing Applied Amounts of Topical Preparations -- chapter 32 Barrier Creams -- chapter 33 OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals -- chapter 34 Methods for In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption -- chapter 35 Percutaneous Absorption of Hazardous Substances from Soil and Water -- chapter 36 Pesticide Percutaneous Absorption and Decontamination -- chapter 37 Tape Stripping Method versus Stratum Corneum -- chapter 38 Parameters Infl uencing Stratum Corneum Removal by Tape Stripping -- chapter 39 Quantifi cation of Stratum Corneum Removed by Tape Stripping -- chapter 40 Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap -- chapter 41 Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling -- chapter 42 Methods for In Vitro Skin Metabolism Studies -- chapter 43 Predictive Toxicology Methods for Transdermal Delivery Systems -- chapter 44 Animal, Human, and In Vitro Test Methods for Predicting Skin Irritation -- chapter 45 Kawai Method for Testing Irritation -- chapter 46 Analysis of Structural Change in Intercellular Lipids of Human Stratum Corneum Induced by Surfactants: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Study -- chapter 47 Water and Saline Compresses in Treatment of Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Literature Review -- chapter 48 Reaction of Skin Blood Vessels to Successive Insults on Normal and Irritated Human Skin -- chapter 49 Specifi city of Retinoid-Induced Irritation and Its Role in Clinical Effi cacy -- chapter 50 Topical Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Irritant Dermatitis: Do They Work? -- chapter 51 Tests for Sensitive Skin -- chapter 52 Test Methods for Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Animals -- chapter 53 Test Methods for Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Humans -- chapter 54 Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Elicitation Thresholds of Potent Allergens in Humans -- chapter 55 Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Topical Anesthetics: A Cross-Sensitization Phenomenon -- chapter 56 Contact Urticaria and Anaphylaxis to Chlorhexidine: Overview -- chapter 57 Immunoadjuvants in Prospective Testing for Contact Allergens -- chapter 58 Local Lymph Node Assay -- chapter 59 Iontophoresis in Humans: Regional Variations in Skin Barrier Function and Cutaneous Irritation -- chapter 60 Contact Urticaria and Contact Urticaria Syndrome (Immediate Contact Reactions) -- chapter 61 In Vitro Approaches to Assessment of Skin Irritation and Phototoxicity of Topically Applied Materials -- chapter 62 Photoirritation (Phototoxicity) Testing in Humans -- chapter 63 Measuring and Quantifying Ultraviolet Radiation Exposures -- chapter 64 Determination of Subclinical Changes of Barrier Function -- chapter 65 Assessing Validity of Alternative Methods for Toxicity Testing: Role and Activities of ECVAM -- chapter 66 Animal Models of Contact Urticaria -- chapter 67 Diagnostic Tests in Dermatology: Patch and Photopatch Testing and Contact Urticaria -- chapter 68 Cosmetic Reactions -- chapter 69 Decreasing Allergic Contact Dermatitis Frequency through Dermatotoxicologic- and Epidemiologic-Based Intervention? -- chapter 70 Cutaneous Corticosteroid-Induced Glaucoma -- chapter 71 Evaluating Effi cacy of Barrier Creams: In Vitro and In Vivo Models -- chapter 72 Light-Induced Dermal Toxicity: Effects on Cellular and Molecular Levels -- chapter 73 Failure of Standard Test Batteries for Detection of Genotoxic Activity of Some Chemicals Used in Dermatological and Cosmetic Products -- chapter 74 Exogenous Ochronosis: Update -- chapter 75 Diagnostic Patch Test: Science and Art -- chapter 76 Irritant and Allergic Contact Dermatitis Treatment -- chapter 77 Factors Affecting Children’s Susceptibility to Chemicals -- chapter 78 Utilization of Irritation Data in Local Lymph Node Assay -- chapter 79 Air Bag Injuries -- chapter 80 Cigarette Smoking and Skin -- chapter 81 Chemical Analysis of Tattoo Pigments Cleaved by Laser Light -- chapter 82 Dermatotoxicology of Specialized Epithelia: Adapting Cutaneous Test Methods to Assess Topical Effects on Vulva -- chapter 83 Anti-Irritants: Myth or Reality? Overview -- chapter 84 Evaluating Mechanical and Chemical Irritation Using the Behind-the-Knee Test: Review -- chapter 85 Need for More Sensitive Tools as We Reach Limits of Our Ability to Detect Differences in Skin Effects from Mild Products -- chapter 86 Drug Patch Testing in Systemic Cutaneous Drug Allergy -- chapter 87 Hormesis and Dermatology -- chapter 88 Diagnosis of Drug Hypersensitivity In Vitro -- chapter 89 Immunologic Patterns in Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Similarities -- chapter 90 Water Decontamination of Chemical Skin and Eye Splashes: Critical Review -- chapter 91 Chemical Substances and Contact Allergy: 244 Substances Ranked According to Allergenic Potency -- chapter 92 Use of Modifi ed Forearm Controlled Application Test to Evaluate Skin Irritation of Lotion Formulations -- chapter 93 Hair in Toxicology -- chapter 94 Popliteal Lymph Node Assay -- chapter 95 Pigmentation Changes Resulting from Arsenic Exposure -- chapter 96 Textiles and Human Skin, Microclimate, Cutaneous Reactions: Overview -- chapter 97 In Vivo Human Transfer of Topical Bioactive Drugs among Individuals: Estradiol* -- chapter 98 Is There Evidence That Geraniol Causes Allergic Contact Dermatitis? -- chapter 99 Operational Defi nition of a Causative Contact Allergen—Study with Six Fragrance Allergens -- chapter 100 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-Induced Irritation in Human Faces: Regional- and Age-Related Differences -- chapter 101 Classifi cation of Irritant Contact Dermatitis -- chapter 102 In Vitro Skin Irritation Testing on SkinEthic™-Reconstituted Human Epidermis: Reproducibility for Fifty Chemicals Tested with Two Protocols -- chapter 103 Identifying Source of Textile-Dye Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Guidelines -- chapter 104 Functional Map and Age-Related Differences in Human Faces: Nonimmunologic Contact Urticaria Induced by Hexyl Nicotinate -- chapter 105 Is Contact Allergy Lifelong in Humans? An Overview of Patch-Test Follow-Ups -- chapter 106 Irritants in Combination with Synergistic or Additive Effect on Skin Response: Overview of Tandem Irritation Studies -- chapter 107 Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Iodine Preparations: A Conundrum? -- chapter 108 Human Skin Buffering Capacity: Overview.