Front cover -- Foreword -- Contributors -- Contents -- Chapter 1 -- Developmental Biology of the Vertebrate Pancreas -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Phylogeny of Vertebrate Pancreas -- 1.3 Pancreatic Organogenesis in Mammalian Models -- 1.3.1 Transcriptional Machinery in Pancreatic Development -- 1.3.1.1 Early Patterning of Pancreatic Anlagen -- 1.3.1.2 Patterning of Dorsal vs. Ventral Anlagen -- 1.3.1.3 Endocrine Cytodifferentiation -- 1.3.1.4 Exocrine Cytodifferentiation -- 1.3.1.5 Regulation of Endocrine and Exocrine Differentiation -- 1.3.2 Epithelial-Mesenchymal Signaling -- 1.3.3 The Lineage of Endocrine Cell Types -- 1.4 Pancreatic Organogenesis in Nonmammalian Models -- 1.4.1 Pancreatic Development in the Zebrafish (Danio rerio, Formerly Brachydanio rerio) -- 1.4.2 Pancreatic Development in Xenopus laevis -- 1.4.3 Pancreatic Development in the Chick -- 1.5 Pancreas Embryology in Humans -- 1.5.1 Pancreatic Development and Human Disease -- 1.6 Epilogue -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Gross Anatomy of the Pancreas -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Development -- 2.3 General Topography -- 2.3.1 Developmental Abnormalities -- 2.3.1.1 Agenesis -- 2.3.1.2 Short Pancreas -- 2.3.1.3 Hypoplasia -- 2.3.1.4 Accessory Pancreas -- 2.3.1.5 Annular Pancreas -- 2.4 Blood Supply -- 2.4.1 Arteries -- 2.4.2 Veins -- 2.4.3 Lymphatic Drainage -- 2.4.4 Nerve Supply -- 2.5 Pancreatic Duct -- 2.5.1 Anatomy -- 2.5.2 Ampulla of Vater -- 2.5.3 Variations of Main and Accessory Pancreatic Ducts -- 2.5.4 Pancreas Divisum -- 2.5.5 Termination of the Common Bile Duct and the Main Pancreatic Duct -- 2.5.6 Pancreatobiliary Maljunction -- 2.5.7 Choledochocele -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Fine Structure of the Pancreas -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Development -- 3.3 General Organization of the Pancreas -- 3.4 Compartmentalization -- 3.5 Pancreatic Acini -- 3.6 Pancreatic Ducts.

3.7 Islets -- 3.8 Development and Plasticity -- 3.9 The Extracellular Matrix -- 3.10 Blood Vessels -- 3.10.1 Arteries -- 3.10.2 Veins -- 3.11 Lymphatics -- 3.12 Nerves -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Vascular Anatomy of the Pancreas -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Arterial Anatomy -- 4.1.2 Venous Anatomy -- 4.2 Microcirculation of the Pancreas -- 4.2.1 Lobular Vascular Bed -- 4.2.2 Intralobular Islets and Their Blood Vessels -- 4.2.3 Interlobular Islets and Their Vascular Connections -- 4.2.4 Periductal Vascular Plexus -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 -- Centroacinar Cells -- A Neglected Essential Element of the Pancreas -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 What Are Centroacinar Cells? -- 5.3 Topography and Fine Structure of Centroacinar Cells -- 5.4 Pathology of Centroacinar Cells -- 5.5 Suggested Physiological Function of Centroacinar Cells -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 -- Physiology of Exocrine Pancreas -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Enteropancreatic Hormones -- 6.3 Secretin -- 6.4 Cholecystokinin -- 6.5 Neurotensin -- 6.6 Insulin -- 6.7 Motilin -- 6.8 Somatostatin -- 6.9 Pancreatic Polypeptide -- 6.10 Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosylamide -- 6.11 Serotonin -- 6.12 Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone -- 6.13 Neural Regulation of Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion -- 6.14 Neural Regulation of the Release and Action of Secretin and CCK -- 6.15 Neuropeptides and Neurotransmitters -- 6.16 Nitric Oxide -- 6.17 Pituitary Adenylase-Cyclase Activating Polypeptide -- 6.18 Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide -- 6.19 Orexin A (Hypocretin I) -- 6.20 Gastrin Releasing Peptide/Bombesin -- 6.21 Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone -- 6.22 Tachykinins -- 6.23 Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide -- 6.24 Neuropeptide Tyrosylamide -- 6.25 Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide -- 6.26 Serotonin (5-HT) -- 6.27 Endocrine-Exocrine Axis of the Pancreas.

6.28 Feedback Regulation of Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion -- 6.29 Effects of Toxic Agents to the Exocrine Pancreas -- References -- Chapter 7 -- Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in the Human Pancreas -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Phase I Metabolizing Enzymes -- Cytochrome P450s -- 7.3 Phase II Metabolizing Enzymes -- Glutathione S-Transferases -- 7.4 Miscellaneous Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes -- 7.5 Problem Areas -- 7.6 Epilogue -- References -- Chapter 8 -- Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in the Pancreas of Animals -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Models for Toxicological Testing -- 8.3 The Pancreas as a Site of Drug Metabolism -- 8.4 The Role of Islet Cells in Drug Metabolism -- 8.5 Drug Metabolism in Pancreatic Diseases -- 8.6 The Role of Enzymes in Pancreatic Diseases -- 8.7 The Role of CYP Enzymes in Other Diseases -- 8.8 Epilogue -- References -- Chapter 9 -- Pancreatic Exocrine-Endocrine Interaction -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Pancreatic Morphogenesis -- 9.2.1 Gene Expression Cascades in Pancreatic Organogenesis -- 9.2.2 Exocrine and Endocrine Cell -- 9.3 Insulo-Acinar Portal System -- 9.4 Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion -- 9.5 Clinical Implications of Exocrine and Endocrine Interactions -- 9.6 Epilogue -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 -- Nutritional Requirements of the Pancreas -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Exocrine Pancreas -- 10.2.1 Protein Energy Malnutrition -- 10.2.1.1 Studies in Animals -- 10.2.1.2 The Pancreas in Kwashiorkor -- 10.2.1.3 Tropical (Nutritional) Pancreatitis -- 10.2.2 Methyl Deficiency -- 10.2.3 Choline Deficiency -- 10.2.4 Trace Element Deficiency -- 10.2.4.1 Selenium -- 10.2.4.2 Copper -- 10.2.4.3 Zinc -- 10.2.4.4 Magnesium -- 10.2.5 Vitamins -- 10.2.5.1 Folate Deficiency -- 10.2.6 Dietary Imbalances and Toxins -- 10.2.6.1 Chronic Alcoholism -- 10.2.6.2 Trypsin Inhibitors -- 10.2.6.3 High-Fat Diets -- 10.3 Endocrine Pancreas.

10.4 Epilogue -- References -- Chapter 11 -- Activity of Pancreatic Secretory Trypsin Inhibitor Is Essential against Pancreatotoxic Factors -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Mutational Analysis of PSTI Gene in Familial and Juvenile Pancreatitis in Japan -- 11.3 Generation and Analysis of PSTI Knockout Mice -- 11.4 Functional Analysis of Recombinant PSTI Proteins with Amino Acid Substitution -- 11.5 Epilogue -- References -- Chapter 12 -- Pathological Perspectives of Pancreatic Mucins -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Structure and Classification of Mucins -- 12.2.1 Secreted Mucins -- 12.2.2 Membrane-Bound Mucins -- 12.2.3 Soluble Mucin -- 12.3 Mucin Biosynthesis -- 12.4 Expression Profiles of Human Mucins in the Pancreas -- 12.5 Abnormal Glycosylation of Mucins in Pancreatic Cancer -- 12.6 Functional Aspects of Mucins and Pathophysiological Implications -- 12.7 Mucins in Diagnosis and Therapy -- 12.8 Epilogue -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13 -- Growth Factors in Pancreatic Diseases -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Insulin in Pancreatic Diseases -- 13.2.1 Insulin in the Normal Pancreas -- 13.2.2 Insulin in AP -- 13.2.3 Insulin in CP -- 13.2.4 Insulin in PC -- 13.3 The Insulin-like Growth Factor and Its Receptor in Pancreatic Diseases -- 13.3.1 IGF in AP -- 13.3.2 IGF in PC -- 13.4 The Transforming Growth Factor b Family in Pancreatic Diseases -- 13.4.1 The TGF-b Family in AP -- 13.4.2 The TGF-b Family in CP -- 13.4.3 The TGF-b Family in PC -- 13.5 The EGF Receptor Family and Its Ligands in Pancreatic Diseases -- 13.5.1 The EGF Receptor Family and Its Ligands in the Normal Pancreas -- 13.5.2 The EGF Receptor Family and Its Ligands in AP -- 13.5.3 The EGF Receptor Family and Its Ligands in CP -- 13.5.4 The EGF Receptor Family and Its Ligands in PC -- 13.6 The Hepatocyte Growth Factor and MET Receptor in Pancreatic Diseases -- 13.6.1 HGF and MET in AP.

13.6.2 HGF and MET in CP -- 13.6.3 HGF and MET in PC -- 13.7 The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors and Their Ligands in Pancreatic Diseases -- 13.7.1 FGFs and Receptors in the Normal Pancreas -- 13.7.2 FGFs and Receptors in AP -- 13.7.3 FGFs and Receptors in CP -- 13.7.4 FGFs and Receptors in PC -- 13.8 Neurotrophins in Pancreatic Diseases -- 13.8.1 NTs in AP -- 13.8.2 NTs in CP -- 13.8.3 NTs in PC -- 13.9 Epilogue -- References -- Chapter 14 -- Toxicology of Natural Hormones and Hormonelike Chemicals -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Physiological and Cell Biological Considerations -- 14.2.1 CCK-Related Stimulus-Secretion Coupling -- 14.2.1.1 CCK and CCK Receptors -- 14.2.1.2 CCK-Mediated Secretion in Humans -- 14.2.2 Regulation of Acinar Cell Growth by CCK -- 14.2.3 Acetylcholine-Mediated Acinar Cell Secretion -- 14.2.4 The Effects of Secretin -- 14.2.4.1 Duct Cells -- 14.2.4.2 Acinar Cells -- 14.2.5 The CCK Feedback Loop -- 14.2.6 Protein Synthesis, Transport, and Secretion -- 14.3 CCK-Induced Pancreatitis -- 14.3.1 Pathology -- 14.3.2 Evolution of Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis -- 14.3.3 CCK Receptor Affinity State and Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis -- 14.3.4 Acinar Cell Events during Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis -- 14.3.4.1 Events Related to Acinar Cell Injury -- 14.3.4.2 Proinflammatory Events -- 14.3.4.3 Sequence of Acinar Cell Events -- 14.3.5 Pancreatitis-Related Effects of Acetylcholine and Secretin -- 14.3.5.1 Acetylcholine -- 14.3.5.2 Secretin -- 14.4 Hormone-Induced Growth and Neoplasia -- 14.5 Epilogue -- References -- Chapter 15 -- Alcohol and Pancreatitis -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Epidemiology of Alcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis -- 15.3 Natural Course of Alcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis -- 15.4 Effects of Ethanol on the Pancreas -- 15.4.1 Alcohol and Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion -- 15.4.1.1 Effects of Acute Ethanol Administration In Vivo.