part Section I. Theory and Methods of Science Education Research -- chapter 1 Paradigms in Science Education Research / chapter 2 Quantitative Research Designs and Approaches / chapter 3 Contemporary Qualitative Research: Toward an Integral Research Perspective / part Section II. Science Learning -- chapter 4 Student Conceptions and Conceptual Change: Three Overlapping Phases of Research / chapter 5 Attitudes, Identity, and Aspirations Toward Science / chapter 6 Classroom Learning Environments: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives / chapter 7 Learning Science Outside of School / chapter 8 Teaching Learning Progressions: An International Perspective / part Section III. Diversity and Equity in Science Learning -- chapter 9 Unpacking and Critically Synthesizing the Literature on Race and Ethnicity in Science Education / chapter 10 Gender Matters: Building on the Past, Recognizing the Present, and Looking Toward the Future / chapter 11 English Learners in Science Education / chapter 12 Special Needs and Talents in Science Learning / chapter 13 Science Education in Urban Contexts: New Conceptual Tools and Stories of Possibilities / chapter 14 Rural Science Education: New Ideas, Redirections, and Broadened Definitions / chapter 15 Culturally Responsive Science Education for Indigenous and Ethnic Minority Students / part Section IV. Science Teaching -- chapter 16 General Instructional Methods and Strategies / chapter 17 Discourse Practices in Science Learning and Teaching / chapter 18 Promises and Challenges of Using Learning Technologies to Promote Student Learning of Science / chapter 19 Elementary Science Teaching / chapter 20 Interdisciplinary Science Teaching / chapter 21 High School Biology Curricula Development: Implementation, Teaching, and Evaluation from the 20th to the 21st Century / chapter 22 Teaching Physics / chapter 23 The Many Faces of High School Chemistry / chapter 24 Earth System Science Education / chapter 25 Environmental Education / chapter 26 From Inquiry to Scientific Practices in the Science Classroom / part Section V. Curriculum and Assessment in Science -- chapter 27 Scientific Literacy, Science Literacy, and Science Education / chapter 28 The History of Science Curriculum Reform in the United States / chapter 29 Scientific Practices and Inquiry in the Science Classroom / chapter 30 Research on Teaching and Learning of Nature of Science / chapter 31 The Evolving Landscape Related to Assessment of Nature of Science / chapter 32 Cultural Perspectives in Science Education / chapter 33 Culturally Relevant Schooling in Science for Indigenous Learners Worldwide: Stressing the All in Science Literacy for All / chapter 34 Socioscientific Issues as a Curriculum Emphasis: Theory, Research, and Practice / chapter 35 Project Assessment: Its History, Evolution, and Current Practice / chapter 36 Precollege Engineering Education / chapter 37 Review of Science Education Program Evaluation / chapter 38 The Central Role of Assessment in Pedagogy / chapter 39 Large-Scale Assessments in Science Education / part Section VI. Science Teacher Education -- chapter 40 Developing Understandings of Practice: Science Teacher Learning / chapter 41 Science Teacher Attitudes and Beliefs: Reforming Practice / chapter 42 Research on Science Teacher Knowledge / chapter 43 Learning to Teach Science / chapter 44 Research on Teacher Professional Development Programs in Science