Front Cover -- Wine Science -- Wine Science: Principles and Applications -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the Author -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 -- Introduction -- Grapevine and wine origins -- Commercial importance of grapes and wine -- Wine classification -- Still table wines -- Sparkling wines -- Fortified wines (dessert and appetizer wines) -- Wine quality -- Health-related aspects of wine consumption -- References -- Suggested readings -- 2 -- Grape species and varieties -- Introduction -- The genus Vitis

Geographic origin and distribution of Vitis and Vitis vinifera -- Domestication of Vitis vinifera -- Cultivar origins -- Recorded cultivar development -- Grapevine improvement -- Standard breeding techniques -- Modern approaches to vine improvement -- Clonal selection -- Somaclonal selection and mutation -- Grapevine cultivars -- Vitis vinifera cultivars -- Red cultivars -- White cultivars -- Interspecies hybrids -- American cultivars and their hybrids -- French-American hybrids (direct producers) -- References -- Suggested reading -- 3 -- Grapevine structure and function -- Structure and function

The root system -- The young root -- Mycorrhizal and endophytic associations -- Secondary tissue development -- Root-system development -- The shoot system -- Buds -- Shoots and shoot growth -- Tissue development -- Tendrils -- Leaves -- Photosynthesis and other light-activated processes -- Transpiration and stomatal function -- Reproductive structure and development -- Inflorescence (flower cluster) -- Induction -- Inflorescence morphology and development -- Flower development -- Timing and duration of flowering -- Pollination and fertilization -- Flower type and genetic control

Berry growth and development -- Berry structure -- Seed morphology -- Chemical changes during berry maturation -- Growth regulators -- Water uptake -- Sugars -- Acids -- Potassium and other minerals -- Phenolics -- Pectins -- Lipids -- Nitrogen-containing compounds -- Aromatic compounds -- Cultural and climatic influences on berry maturation -- Yield -- Sunlight -- Temperature -- Inorganic nutrients -- Water -- References -- Suggested reading -- 4 -- Vineyard practice -- Vine cycle and vineyard activity -- Management of vine growth -- Yield/quality ratio -- Physiological effects of pruning

Pruning options -- Pruning level and timing -- Bearing-wood selection -- Pruning procedures -- Training options and systems -- Bearing-wood origin -- Bearing-wood length -- Shoot positioning -- Canopy division -- Canopy height -- Trunk number -- Planting density and row spacing -- Row orientation -- Canopy management and training system development -- Choice of training system -- Selected training systems -- Vertical shoot positioning -- Scott Henry and Smart-Dyson systems -- Geneva double curtain -- Lyre or U system -- Ruakura twin two tier -- Minimal pruning -- Ancient Roman example