Basics: Introduction to plant small RNAs / Diversity and types of small RNA / Biogenesis of small RNA : molecular pathways and regulatory mechanisms / Transcriptome-based identification of small RNA in plants : the need for robust prediction algorithms

Expression and regulation mechanism of small RNA: Role of RNA interference in seed germination / Importnace of small RNA in plant seed germination / Importance of small RNA in plant metabolism / Small RNA in tolerating various biotic stresses / Role of small RNA in regulating plant viral pathogenesis / Salt stress tolerance and small RNA / Small RNAs and cold stress tolerance / Toward elucidating the functions of miRNAs in drought stress tolerance / Regulation of photosynthesis and vegetative growth of plants by small RNAs / Heat stress tolerance through small RNA / Role of small RNA in plant interaction with microbes / Plant growth regulation by small RNA-mediated plant-biotic interactions / Small RNA and DNA methylation in plants

Application of small RNA: Small RNA manipulation in plants : techniques and recent developments / MicroRNA-mediated regularity functions under salinity stress in plants / Biotic stress-tolerant plants through small RNA technology / Application of miRNA in fruit quality improvement / Physiological modification of plants through small RNA / Small RNA technology for plant abiotic stress tolerance

Future scope: 24. Challenges of small RNA technology / Future scope of small RNA technology in crop silence