This comprehensive textbook covers all the important aspects of hysteroscopy: pre- and postoperative hormonal treatment in patients with hysteroscopic surgery; hysteroscopy in infertility - diagnosis and treatment including falloposcopy; differentiation and management of endometrium abnormalities and leiomyomas by hydrosonography; hysteroscopic resection of submucous myomas; diagnostic hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal patients, and hysteroscopy in the assessment of postmenopausal bleeding. Furthermore, hysteroscopy and adenomyosis, tamoxifen-induced abnormalities and the diagnosis of endometrial cancer and its precursors are highlighted. A critical evaluation of endometrial ablation in the new millennium with a complete assessment of all relevant methods for endometrial ablation or resection is presented, with special emphasis being put on the following methods: hysteroscopic endometrial resection; endometrial ablation for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding using balloon therapy; endometrial ablation by balloon coagulation, and hydrothermal ablation. A discussion on hysteroscopic complications and their prevention follows. Finally, a Swiss-German-Austrian consensus about diagnostic and therapeutic hysteroscopy from the three respective national endoscopic societies is presented. Hysteroscopy has become a very important endoscopic method in gynecology, for both diagnosis and treatment, and should be of interest to anybody working in gynecology or related fields.