Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Series Preface -- Chapter 1 Anaerobic Digestion Process and Biogas Production -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Basic Knowledges of AD Processes and Operations -- 1.2.1 Fundamental Mechanisms and Typical Processes of AD -- 1.2.2 Factors Affecting the AD Process of Biogas Production -- 1.3 Current Challenges of AD Process and Biogas Production -- 1.3.1 Ammonia Inhibition -- 1.3.2 Volatile Fatty Acid Inhibition -- 1.3.3 Psychrophilic Temperature Inhibition -- 1.4 Proposed Strategies for Enhanced Biogas Production -- 1.4.1 Promoting Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer via Conductive Materials Additive -- 1.4.2 Co-digestion of Different Substrates -- 1.4.3 Bioaugmentation -- 1.4.4 Bioelectrochemical System-Assisted AD -- 1.5 Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas Production -- 1.5.1 Techno-Economic Analysis -- 1.5.2 Environmental Feasibility and Benefit Assessment -- 1.5 References -- Chapter 2 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials to Enhance Biogas Recovery -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Lignocellulosic Waste Material Production -- 2.1.2 Structural Insight of Lignocellulosic Materials -- 2.1.3 Biogas Production from Lignocellulosic Materials and the Need for Pretreatment -- 2.2 Available Pretreatment Technologies for Lignocellulosic Materials and the Corresponding Biogas Recovery Associated -- 2.2.1 Physical Pretreatment -- 2.2.2 Chemical Pretreatment -- 2.2.3 Biological Pretreatment -- 2.2.4 Physiochemical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass in the Production of Biogas -- 2.3 Pertinent Perspectives -- 2.3.1 Integrated Biorefinery While Treating Various Wastes -- 2.3.2 Biogas Production from Lignocellulosic Waste and Its Economic Viability -- 2.4 Conclusions -- 2.4 Acknowledgments -- 2.4 References.

Chapter 3 Biogas Technology and the Application for Agricultural and Food Waste Treatment -- 3.1 Development of Biogas Plants -- 3.1.1 Agricultural Waste -- 3.1.2 Municipal Solid Waste -- 3.2 Anaerobic Digestion Process -- 3.3 Biogas Production from Livestock and Poultry Manure -- 3.3.1 Successful AD of Cattle and Swine Manure -- 3.3.2 Successful Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure in a Large Plant -- 3.3.3 Strategies for Mitigating Ammonia Inhibition in Chicken Manure AD -- 3.4 Food Waste Anaerobic Digestion -- 3.4.1 Challenges of Food Waste AD and the Solutions -- 3.4 References -- Chapter 4 Biogas Production from High-solid Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste and Its Co-digestion with Other Organic Wastes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Reactor Systems for HSAD -- 4.2.1 High-solid Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor -- 4.2.2 Two-stage HSAD Reactor System -- 4.2.3 High-solid Plug-flow Bioreactor -- 4.3 Intensification Strategies for HSAD -- 4.3.1 High-solid Anaerobic Co-digestion (HS-AcD) -- 4.3.2 Supplementation of Additives -- 4.3.3 Bioaugmentation Strategies for HSAD -- 4.3.4 Optimization of Process Parameters -- 4.4 Microbial Communities for HSAD -- 4.5 Digestate Management for HSAD -- 4.6 Conclusions and Perspectives -- 4.6 Acknowledgments -- 4.6 References -- Chapter 5 Biomethane - Production and Management -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Purification and Usage of Biogas -- 5.2.1 Biological Desulfurization Within the Digester -- 5.2.2 Desulfurization by Adsorption on Iron Hydroxide -- 5.2.3 Desulfurization by Adsorption on Activated Carbon -- 5.3 Opportunities for Biogas Upgrading -- 5.3.1 CO2 Separation Through Membranes -- 5.3.2 CO2 Separation by Water Scrubbing -- 5.3.3 Chemical Separation of CO2/Chemical Scrubbing -- 5.3.4 Pressure Separation of CO2 (Pressure Swing Adsorption) -- 5.3.5 Cryogenic CO2 Separation -- 5.4 Possibilities of Using Biomethane.

5.4.1 Production of bioCNG and bioLNG Fuels -- 5.4.2 Production of Biohydrogen -- 5.5 Profitability of Biomethane Production and Recommended Support Systems -- 5.6 Conclusion -- 5.6 References -- Chapter 6 The Biogas Use -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Biogas Utilization Technologies -- 6.3 Use of Biogas as Trigeneration -- 6.4 Biogas as a Transportation Fuels -- 6.5 Use of Biogas in Reciprocating Engine -- 6.6 Spark Ignition Gas Engine -- 6.7 Use of Biogas in Generator -- 6.8 Use of Biogas in Gas Turbines -- 6.9 Usage of Biogas in Fuel Cell -- 6.10 Hydrogen Production from Biogas -- 6.11 Biogas Cleaning for its Utilization -- 6.11.1 Carbon Dioxide -- 6.11.2 Water -- 6.11.3 Hydrogen Sulfide -- 6.11.4 Oxygen and Nitrogen -- 6.11.5 Ammonia -- 6.11.6 Volatile Organic Compounds -- 6.11.7 Particles -- 6.11.8 Foams and Solid Particles -- 6.12 Different Approaches for H2S Removal -- 6.12.1 Iron Sponge -- 6.12.2 Proprietary Scrubber Systems -- 6.12.3 Ferric Chloride Injection -- 6.12.4 Biological Method -- 6.13 Different Approaches for Moisture Reduction -- 6.13.1 Compression or Condensation -- 6.13.2 Adsorption -- 6.13.3 Absorption -- 6.14 Siloxane Removal -- 6.14.1 Gas Drying -- 6.15 CO2 Separation -- 6.15.1 Cryogenic Technique -- 6.15.2 Water Scrubber -- 6.15.3 Adsorption -- 6.15.4 Membrane Separation -- 6.16 Conclusion -- 6.16 References -- Chapter 7 Digestate from Agricultural Biogas Plant - Properties and Management -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Digestate from Agricultural Biogas Plant - Production, Properties, and Processing -- 7.2.1 Production -- 7.2.2 Properties -- 7.2.3 Processing -- 7.3 Digestate from Agricultural Biogas Plant - Management -- 7.3.1 Raw Digestate Fertilization -- 7.3.2 Liquid Fraction Management -- 7.3.3 Solid Fraction Management -- 7.3.4 Energy Management of the Solid Fraction -- 7.4 Conclusion -- 7.4 References.

Chapter 8 Environmental Aspects of Biogas Production -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Impact of Farms and Livestock Complexes on the Environment -- 8.3 The Environmental Benefits of Biogas Production -- 8.4 Environmental Safety of the Integrated Model of Bioprocesses of Hydrogen Production and Methane Generation in the Stages of Anaerobic Fermentation of Waste -- 8.5 Life Cycle Assessment for Biogas Production -- 8.6 Environmental Issue of Biogas Market in Ukraine - Case Study -- 8.7 Conclusion -- 8.7 References -- Chapter 9 Hybrid Environmental and Economic Assessment of Biogas Plants in Integrated Organic Waste Management Strategies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methodology -- 9.2.1 Overview -- 9.2.2 Waste Management Scenarios -- 9.2.3 Life Cycle Assessment -- 9.2.4 Life Cycle Costing -- 9.2.5 Eco-Efficiency Analysis -- 9.2.6 Case Study: The UAE -- 9.3 Results and Discussion -- 9.3.1 Material and Energy Recovery -- 9.3.2 Life Cycle Assessment -- 9.3.3 Life Cycle Costing -- 9.3.4 Eco-Efficiency Analysis -- 9.4 Conclusion -- 9.4 References -- Chapter 10 Reduction of the Carbon Footprint in Terms of Agricultural Biogas Plants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Manure Management and Biomethane Potential in Poland and EU Countries -- 10.1.2 Substrates Used for Biogas Plants in Poland -- 10.1.3 GHG Emissions from Agriculture and Biogas Plants as Tool for its Reduction -- 10.2 Methodology of CF -- 10.2.1 GHG Fluxes from Agriculture and Tools for its Calculations -- 10.2.2 System Boundaries for Biogas Plant and Data Collection -- 10.3 Life Cycle CO2 Footprints of Various Biogas Projects - Comparison with Literature Results -- 10.4 Conclusions -- 10.4 References -- Chapter 11 Financial Sustainability and Stakeholder Partnerships of Biogas Plants -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Basic Technological Factors -- 11.3 Economic Evaluation and Failures.

11.3.1 Investment Risks for Fixed Assets -- 11.3.2 Failures and Intervention -- 11.4 Stakeholders Partnership and Co-governance -- 11.4.1 Government -- 11.4.2 Consultant and Constructor -- 11.4.3 Source of Waste Streams -- 11.4.4 Customers for Energy and Resource -- 11.5 Summary and Outlooks -- 11.5 Acknowledgments -- 11.5 References -- Chapter 12 Measuring the Resilience of Supply Critical Systems: The Case of the Biogas Value Chain -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Background -- 12.3 Methodology -- 12.4 Measurement Scheme -- 12.4.1 Introduction to the Measurement Concept -- 12.4.2 Measuring Management System Resilience -- 12.4.3 Measuring the Resilience of Physical Resources and Assets -- 12.4.4 Total System Resilience -- 12.4.5 Applying the System Resilience Model to the Biogas Value Chain -- 12.5 Conclusion and Recommendations -- 12.5 References -- Chapter 13 Theory and Practice in Strategic Niche Planning: The Polish Biogas Case -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.1.1 The Promising Potential of Biogas Transition in Central Eastern European Countries -- 13.1.2 State-of-the-Art Research for Navigating Sustainability Transitions -- 13.1.3 Chapter Organization -- 13.2 Main Conceptual Frameworks for Studying Sustainability Transitions -- 13.2.1 Strategic Niche Management (SNM) -- 13.2.2 Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) -- 13.2.3 Transition Management (TM) -- 13.2.4 Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) -- 13.3 Studying Biogas from a Sustainability Transitions Perspective -- 13.3.1 Landscape, Regime, and Niche Dynamics -- 13.3.2 Policy Coherence for Niche Development -- 13.3.3 Transition Pathways -- 13.3.4 Social Network Analysis -- 13.4 Strategic Niche Planning for Sustainable Transitions -- 13.4.1 Methodological Steps -- 13.4.2 Case Study: Biogas Sector in Poland -- 13.5 Strategic Propositions and Concluding Comments -- 13.5.1 Research and Development.