Part I: General Biological Aspects -- Ecology and Physiology of Root Canal Microbial Biofilm Communities -- Molecular Principles of Adhesion and Biofilm Formation -- Antimicrobial Resistance in Biofilm Communities -- Part II: Observational and Experimental Evidence -- The Use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in Visualizing the Root Canal Biofilm -- Bacterial Biofilms and Endodontic Disease: Histo-Bacteriological and Molecular Exploration -- Laboratory Models of Biofilms: Development and Assessment -- Root Canal Anatomy: Implications in Biofilm Disinfection -- Part III: Outcome and Strategies of Treatment -- Biofilm-Associated Infections in Root Canals Treatment and Outcomes -- Root Canal Irrigation -- Inter-Appointment Medication with Calcium Hydroxide in Routine Cases of Root Canal Therapy -- Chapter 11. Advanced Therapeutic Options to Disinfect Root Canals.