Today the provision of nutritional intervention is widely accepted as an efficient means in preventing malnutrition and attenuating catabolism. Recently it has also acquired significant importance due to the emerging evidence on the immunomodulatory effects of specific nutrients and their ability to alter the inflammatory response. These developments have evoked a series of questions as to the timing, composition and clinical settings of any such administered support. This publication focuses on new findings regarding nutritional implications in metabolic alterations during inflammation, immunonutrients including antioxidant micronutrients, changes in body composition, the role of genetics, and various aspects of administration, especially the advantages of initiating enteral nutrition during early disease states. The book contains a useful state-of-the-art presentation for all professionals involved with nutrition, biochemistry, body composition, intensive care, physiology, surgery and nursing.