1. Introduction : the significance of radiobiology and radiotherapy for cancer treatment / M.C. Joiner, A.J. van der Kogel and G.G. Steel -- 2. Irradiation-induced damage and the DNA damage response / B.G. Wouters and A.C. Begg -- 3. Cell death after irradiation : how, when and why cells die / B.G. Wouters -- 4. Quantifying cell kill and cell survival / M.C. Joiner -- 5. Dose-response relationships in radiotherapy / S.M. Bentzen -- 6. Linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness / M.C. Joiner -- 7. Tumour growth and response to radiation / D. Zips -- 8. Fractionation : the linear-quadratic approach / M.C. Joiner and S.M. Bentzen -- 9. The linear-quadratic approach in clinical practice / S.M. Bentzen and M.C. Joiner -- 10. Modified fractionation / M. Baumann and V. Gregoire -- 11. Time factors in normal-tissue responses to irradiation / W. Dorr -- 12. The dose-rate effect / A.J. van der Kogel -- 13. Pathogenesis of normal-tissue side-effects / W. Dorr -- 14. The volume effect in radiotherapy / W. Dorr and A.J. van der Kogel -- 15. The oxygen effect and fractionated radiotherapy / M.R. Horsman. [et al.] -- 16. The tumour microenvironment and cellular hypoxia responses / B.G. Wouters and M. Koritzinsky -- 17. Therapeutic approaches to tumour hypoxia / M.R. Horsman and A.J. van der Kogel -- 18. Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy / V. Gregoire and M. Baumann -- 19. Retreatment tolerance of normal tissues / W. Dorr and F.A. Stewart -- 20. Molecular image-guided radiotherapy with positron emission tomography / V Gregoire, K. Haustermans and J. Lee -- 21. Molecular-targeted agents for enhancing tumour response / M. Baumann and V. Gregoire -- 22. Biological response modifiers : normal tissues / W. Dorr -- 23. Molecular targeting and patient individualization / A.C. Begg -- 24. Protons and other ions in radiotherapy / W. Dorr and M.C. Joiner -- 25. Second cancers after radiotherapy / K.R. Trott.