Frontmatter -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1. Introduction -- Part 1: Communities -- 2. Can Southern Epistemological and Indigenous Ontological Orientations to Applied Linguistics Challenge its Ethnocentrism? -- 3. Late Capitalism and New Challenges: Indigenous Communities Taking Risks in Defense of Vulnerable Languages and Territories in Guatemala and Colombia -- 4. The Bumpy Journey Towards the Irish Sign Language Act: Critical Considerations and Personal Reflections of a Deaf Activist-Scholar -- 5. 'Befriending' Risks, Vulnerabilities and Challenges: Researching Sexuality and Language in Educational Sites -- Part 2: Policy -- 6. Challenging Constitutional Bilingualism with 'What if ...': Counterfactual Histories and At-risk Minorities in Finland -- 7. UK Language Policy Quo vadis? Language Learning in the UK post Brexit -- 8. Vulnerabilities, Challenges and Risks in Sign Language Recognition in Canada -- Part 3: Research -- 9. From the Outside Looking in: The Risks and Challenges of Analysing Extremist Discourses on Far-right and Manosphere Websites -- 10. Critical Incidents in a Teacher-Researcher and Student- Participant Relationship: What Risks Can We Take? -- 11. Taking Risks in Literacy Research - Using an Interpreter in Multilingual Research Interviews -- Part 4: Education -- 12. A Challenge for Applied Linguistics: Developing a Novel Curriculum in the Field of Language and Integration -- 13. Teaching Controversial Issues in the Language Education of Adult Migrants to the UK: A Risk Worth Taking -- 14. Access to English in Pakistan: Diff erences in Instruction as a Risk to Social Integration -- 15. Afterword -- Index