Machine generated contents note: Chapter 1 -- Overview of Ecological Risk Assessment in Coastal -- and Estuarine Environments1 -- Morris H. Roberts, Jr, Michael C. Newman, and Robert C. Hale -- Chapter 2 -- European Approaches to Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment15 -- Mark Crane, Neal Sorokin, James R. Wheeler, Albania Grosso, -- Paul Whitehouse, and David Morritt -- Chapter 3 -- Emerging Contaminants of Concern in Coastal -- and Estuarine Environments 41 -- Robert C. Hale and Mark J. La Guardia -- Chapter 4 -- Enhancing Belief during Causality Assessments: Cognitive Idols -- or Bayes's Theorem? 73 -- Michael C. Newman and David A. Evans -- Chapter 5 -- Bioavailability, Biotransformation, and Fate of Organic Contaminants -- in Estuarine Animals 97 -- Richard E Lee -- Chapter 6 -- The Bioaccumulation of Mercury, Methylmercury, and Other Toxic -- Elements into Pelagic and Benthic Organisms127 -- Robert PR Mason -- Chapter 7 -- Dietary Metals Exposure and Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms: -- Implications for Ecological Risk Assessment151 -- Christian E. Schlekat, Byeong-Gweon Lee, and Samuel N. Luoma -- Chapter 8 -- Endocrine Disruption in Fishes and Invertebrates: Issues for Saltwater -- Ecological Risk Assessment 189 -- Kenneth M.Y. Leung, James R. Wheeler, David Morritt and Mark Crane -- Chapter 9 -- The Use of Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs) to Assess the Risks That -- Persistent Organochlorines Pose to Marine Mammals 217 -- Paul D. Jones, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Alan L. Blankenship, -- and John P Giesy -- Chapter 10 -- Effects of Chronic Stress on Wildlife Populations: A Modeling -- Approach and Case Study247 -- Diane E. Nacci, Timothy R. Gleason, Ruth Gutjahr-Gobell, Marina Huber, -- and Wayne R. Munns, Jr -- Chapter 11 -- Structuring Population-Based Ecological Risk Assessments -- in a Dynamic Landscape 273 -- Christopher E. Mackay, Jenee A. Colton, and Gary Bigham -- Chapter 12 -- Incremental Chemical Risks and Damages in Urban Estuaries: -- Spatial and Historical Ecosystem Analysis 297 -- Dave Ludwig and Timothy J. lannuzzi -- Chapter 13 -- Ecological Risk Assessment in Coastal and Estuarine Environments327 -- Michael C. Newman, Robert C. Hale, and Morris H. Roberts, Jr.