Part 1. 1. The crisis of confidence in professional knowledge -- 2. From technical rationality to reflection-in-action -- Part 2. 3. Design as a reflective conversation with the situation -- 4. Psychotherapy : the patient as a universe of one -- 5. The structure of reflection-in-action -- 6. Reflective practice in the science-based professions -- 7. Town planning : limits to reflection-in-action -- 8. The art of managing : reflection-in-action within an organizational learning system -- 9. Patterns and limits of reflection-in-action across the professions -- Part 3. Conclusion. 10. Implications for the professions and their place in society.