Part I: Introduction and Fundamentals -- Introduction -- The Fundamentals of Compressed Sensing -- Part II: Sparse Representation, Modeling and Learning -- Sparse Recovery Approaches -- Robust Sparse Representation, Modeling and Learning -- Efficient Sparse Representation and Modeling -- Part III: Visual Recognition Applications -- Feature Representation and Learning -- Sparsity Induced Similarity -- Sparse Representation and Learning Based Classifiers -- Part IV: Advanced Topics -- Beyond Sparsity -- Appendix A: Mathematics -- Appendix B: Computer Programming Resources for Sparse Recovery Approaches -- Appendix C: The source Code of Sparsity Induced Similarity -- Appendix D: Derivations.