The Complexities of Place Approach.-Definitional Test of Complex Systems -- Case-Based Modeling and the SACS Toolkit -- Methods -- C1: Places are Complex -- C2: Places are Emergent and Self-Organizing -- C3 Places are Nodes Within Larger Networks -- C4: Places are Dynamic and Evolving -- C5: Places are Nonlinear -- C6: Places are Subjective and Historical -- C7: Places are Open- Ended with Fuzzy Boundaries -- C8: Places are Power-Based Conflicted Negotiations -- C9: Places are Agent-Based -- Conclusion.