Part I: Setting the Stage -- Shared Decision Making (SDM) -- Decision Aids -- Towards a Universal Decision Aid -- Involving the Patient in Decision Making -- BRCTs -- Part II: Case Studies - Health Benefits and Risks -- Breast Cancer Screening: Mammograms -- Colon Cancer Screening with Colonoscopy -- Prostate Cancer Screening -- Screening for Lung Cancer with Spiral CT -- Health Effects of Smoking -- Exercise Stress Tests -- The Use of Warfarin in Atrial Fibrillation -- Aspirin for Prevention of Heart Disease and Stroke -- Screening for Carotid Disease in Asymptomatic Patients -- Cholesterol Screening -- Statins, Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease -- Annual Exam -- Screening for and Treating Dementia -- Osteoporosis: Bone Density Testing and Drug Treatment -- Osteoporosis: Calcium and Vitamin D -- Estrogen Replacement Therapy -- Vitamins and Supplements -- MRI and Back Pain -- Antibiotics in Sinusitis and Bronchitis -- Final Thoughts.