Introduction -- The Landscape of Error in Surgical Pathology -- General Principles of How Errors Occur and How They May Be Reduced -- Error Reduction in the Pre-analytical Process -- Application of Lean Principles to Pre-Analytic and Analytic Processes -- Clinical History and Clinical Correlation -- Knowledge, Training, and Experience -- Standardization of Diagnostic Terminology and Criteria: A Prelude for Error Reduction -- Ancillary Studies: Contribution to Error and Error Prevention -- Optimization of Case Reviews in Different Practice Settings -- The Complete Surgical Pathology Report -- Communicating Effectively in Surgical Pathology -- Error Prevention in Transcription and Report Distribution.