Endoscopic Fluorescence Imaging of Bladder Cancer: Photodynamic Diagnosis and Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy -- Narrow Band Imaging for Urothelial Cancer -- Optical Coherence Tomography in Bladder Carcinoma -- Optical Coherence Tomography for Prostate Cancer and Beyond -- Fluorescence Image-Guided Robotic Surgery -- Multiphoton Microscopy in Urologic Surgery -- Hyperspectral Imaging of Renal Oxygenation (Near-Infrared Tissue Oximetry for Renal Ischemia) -- Light Reflectance Spectroscopy and Autofluorescence (Kidney and Prostate) -- Intraoperative Doppler Ultrasound During Robotic Surgery -- TRUS of the Prostate: State of the Art -- Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Cryotherapy -- Endoluminal Ultrasonography -- Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Cancer -- MR-Guided Prostate Interventions -- CT-Guided Renal Ablation- MR-Guided Renal Ablation -- Augmented Reality for Percutaneous Renal Interventions -- Image Guidance in Robotic Assisted Renal Surgery -- Urologic Surgery Training Using Computer-Assisted Simulators -- Molecular Imaging in Urology.