Thyroid embryogenesis -- Thyroid hormones in fetal development -- Etiology of congenital hypothyroidism -- Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism: what it has taught us about thyroid and brain -- Laboratory aspects in neonatal screening of congenital hypothyroidism -- Epidemiology of congenital hypothyroidism -- Congenital hypothyroidism due to PAX8 mutations -- Transient neonatal hypothyroidism -- Central Hypothyroidism -- Syndromes of resistance to thyroid hormone action -- Management of congenital hypothyroidism -- Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital hypothyroidism -- Iodine deficiency from pregnancy to childhood -- Thyroid enlargement from newborn to adolescent -- Thyroid nodules and carcinoma -- Autoimmune thyroiditis -- Subclinical hypothyroidism -- Hyperthyroidism -- Generation of functional thyroid from embryonic stem cells.