Preface -- Chapter 1. Past and Present of Natural Language Processing -- Chapter 2. Pioneers in Study of Language Computing -- Chapter 3.Formal Models Based on Phrase Structure Grammar -- Chapter 4.The Formal Model Based on Unification -- Chapter 5.Formal Models Based on Dependency and Valence -- Chapter 6.Formal models based on lexicalism -- Chapter 7. Formal Models of Automatic Semantic Processing -- Chapter 8. Formal Models of Automatic Situation and Pragmatic Processing -- Chapter 9. Formal Models of Discourse Analysis -- Chapter 10.Formal Models of Probabilistic Grammar -- Chapter 11. Formal Models Based on Neural Networks and Deep learning -- Chapter 12. Knowledge Graphs -- Conclusion.