1 Split Cord Malformations - A Gastrulation Defect. Open Foetal Surgery for Myelomeningocoele, Achieving a Balance -- 2 A New Surgical Paradigm For Post-Natal Repair of Open Neural Tube Defects Using Intraoperative Neurophysiology Monitoring.-3 Local Spinal Nondisjunction in Primary Neurulation : Limited Dorsal Myeloschisis, Congenital Spinal Dermal Sinus Tract, and Mixed Lesions -- 4 Junctional Neural Tube Defect (JNTD) - A Rare and Relatively New Spinal Dysraphic Malformation -- 5 Total and Subtotal Resection of Complex Spinal Lipoma, Radical reconstruction of the Neural Placode, and Expansile Duraplasty; Navigating the Labyrinth -- 6 Secondary Neurulation Defects : Retained Medullary Cord, Terminal Lipoma, and Other Filum Abnormalities -- 7 Secondary Neurulation Defect : Terminal Myelocystocoele,, a Biological Leviathan -- 8 Updates On Intraoperative Neurophysiology Monitoring During Spinal Dysraphism Surgery -- 9 Urological Aspects of Spinal Dysraphism. .