Indications for PCNL -- Patient Preparation -- Positioning for PCNL -- Relevant Anatomy for PCNL -- PCNL Access including Imaging Options and Endoscopic Control -- Papillary vs Non Papillary Puncture for PCNL -- Radiation Hazards and Protection in Endourology -- Tract Dilation: Standard and Mini PCNL Approaches -- Intracorporeal Lithotripsy for PCNL -- Ancillary Devices for PCNL -- Exit Strategies for PCNL -- Outpatient PCNL -- Complications of PCNL: Avoidance and Management -- Training for PCNL: Simulation and 3D Models.