Part I. General Concepts and Errors in Thought about Adult Brain Surgery -- General Concepts about Adult Brain Surgery -- Errors in Thought about Adult Brain Surgery -- Errors in Thought about Published Studies on Adult Brain Surgery -- Part II. Specific Conditions for Which Brain Surgery Is Considered -- Brain Hematomas -- Brain Vascular Disease -- Brain Trauma -- Brain Tumors -- Brain Cysts -- Hydrocephalus -- Pain Disorders -- Movement Disorders -- Brain Abscess -- Chiari Malformation -- Skull Base Disorders -- Encephaloceles and Spontaneous CSF leaks -- Epilepsy -- Psychosurgery -- Non-Surgical Management of Neurosurgery Patients -- Conclusion.