Part I. History and Rationale of Lumbar Spine Access Surgery -- Overview of Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery -- History and Evolution of Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery -- Rationale for Anterior Lumbar Spine Surgery -- Part II. Preoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery -- Patient Selection -- Imaging Review -- Patient Consent -- Part III. Intraoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery -- Patient Positioning and Marking -- Adjunctive Measures: Foley, Neuromonitoring, Perfusion Monitoring -- Incision Choices -- Retractor Systems -- Part IV. Operative Technique for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery -- Mini-open Anterior Retroperitoneal Approach -- Transperitoneal and Laparoscopic Approaches -- Pre-psoas Approaches: OLIF, Lateral ALIF, ATP -- Direct Lateral Approach -- Adjunctive Analgesia Methods -- Part V. Intraoperative Complications for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery -- Arterial Complications -- Venous Complications -- Peritoneal and Visceral Complications -- Ureter Complications -- Part VI. Postoperative Care for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery -- Pain Management -- Venous Thromboembolic Issues -- Wound Complications -- Fluid Collections -- Bowel Regimen and Ileus -- Part VII. Additional Considerations for Lumbar Spine Access Surgery -- Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery in the Obese Patient -- Anterior Lumbar Spine Access Surgery in ASC and Outpatient Situations -- Preoperative Considerations for Revision Surgery -- Intraoperative Strategies for Revision Surgery -- Understanding Spine Biologics for the Access Surgeon -- Lumbar Access Surgery Done by a Spine Surgeon.