Introduction -- Terminology -- nano -- polymer nanoparticles -- Nonpolymer nanoparticles -- Nanodevices -- Hybrid materials -- Nanocomposite -- Biomedical -- Further Reading -- Historical Development and Future Trends -- introduction -- Early Period -- Premodern period -- Middle Ages -- Modern Nanotechnology -- Regulations.-Scientific Trends -- Future Trends.-Small Systems Big Applications -- Smart Pills -- Beating the Big C -- Further Reading -- Sources and Classifications -- Introduction -- Properties -- Nanomaterials and Bulk Materials -- Sources -- Naturally produced -- Incidental -- Engineered Nanomaterials.-Classifications -- Natural NPs/NMs -- Incidental NPs -- Synthetic (Engineered) Nanomaterials (NMS) -- Dimensions Based Nanomaterials -- Nanoparticles -- Nanoclays -- nanoemulsions -- Further Reading -- Synthesis, Detection and Characterization -- Introduction -- Production Approaches -- Synthesis -- Physical Methods -- Chemical Methods -- Biological Approach -- magnetic nps -- Hybrid nanomaterials -- nanocomposites.-Detection -- Characterization and isolation -- Direct Techniques -- indirect Techniques -- Key Issues in Fabrication -- Further Reading -- Mechanisms of Nanotoxicty -- introduction -- Entry Sites and Uptake -- Elimination -- Phagocytosis -- Macropinocytosis -- Other Entry Mechanisms -- Intracellular Trafficking -- Trojan Horse Mechanism -- Cellular Exocytosis -- Cellular Dysfunction -- Inorganic Nanomaterial Toxicity -- Cell Deaths -- Further Readings -- Applications-. Introduction -- Nanoparticle-Based Technologies-. Agriculture -- Energy and Environment -- Materials Science and Engineering -- Materials Science and Engineering -- Health and Medicine -- Hybrid Nanomaterials -- Nanocomposites -- Further Reading -- Nano Based Drug Delivery Systems -- Introduction -- Overview in Biomedical Science -- properties of NP Drug Delivery -- Factors influencing Drug Laden Nanocarriers -- pH Specificity -- Temperature Specificity -- Temperature Specificity -- Advantages of Delivery Vehicles -- Nanocarriers -- Passive Targeting -- Active Targeting -- Uses and Applications -- Delivery Vehicles -- Organic Nanomaterials.-Poly-alkyl-cyano-acrylates (PAC) -- Artificial DNA Nanostructures -- Nanocomposites -- Hybrid nanoparticles -- Further Reading.-Tissue Engineering in Dentistry -- Introduction -- Materials for Dental Applications -- Structure and Periodontal Tissue -- Factors Affecting Bone Tissue Regeneration -- Periodontal Diseases -- Tissue Engineering -- Procedure -- Assembly Methods -- Bone Tissue Engineering -- Stem Cell Sources -- Signaling Molecules -- Scaffold/Matrices -- Bioactive Glasses -- Metal-Based materials -- Polymers -- Composites -- Scaffoldfree Techniques -- Biocompatibility -- Drug or Signaling Molecules Delivery -- Future Prospectives -- Further Reading -- Nanobiosensors -- Introduction -- Variations and Types -- Nanoparticle Based Sensors -- Nanotube Based Sensors -- Nanowire Based Sensors -- Components of a typical Biosensors -- Selection and Optimization -- -- Applications -- Cancer -- Detection of diabetes -- Immunoassay (detection of Ab-Ag reaction) -- Detection of pathogenic bacteria -- Future Prospects -- Further Reading -- Health and Medicine -- Introduction -- Keywords -- Nanostructures -- Polymers or Organic NPs -- Nonpoymers or Inorganic Nanoparticles -- Health and Medicine -- Neurodegenerative Disorders -- Tuberculosis -- Ophthalmology -- Respiratory diseases -- Surgery -- Toxicity -- Conclusion -- Further Reading Multiple Choice Questions. .