New Sliding-Mode Algorithms -- Generalized Super-twisting with Robustness to Arbitrary Disturbances: Disturbance-Tailored Super-twisting -- Prescribed-Time Stabilization and Inverse Optimality for Nonlinear Systems -- Designing Controllers with Predefined Convergence-Time Bound Using Bounded Time-Varying Gains -- Observers -- Bi-homogeneous Differentiators -- On Finite- and Fixed-Time State Estimation for Uncertain Linear Systems -- Robust State Estimation for Linear Time-Varying Systems Using High-Order Sliding-Mode Observers. Discretization -- Effect of Time-Discretization on Variable-Structure Differentiators -- Discrete-Time Implementations of Differentiators Homogeneous in the Bi-Limit -- Lyapunov-Based Consistent Discretization of Quasi-Continuous High-Order Sliding Modes -- Low-Chattering Discretization of Sliding Modes. Part IV: Adaptation -- Adaptive Sliding-Mode and Higher-Order Sliding-Mode Control Techniques with Applications: A Survey -- Adaptive Unit-Vector Control with Fixed-Time and Prescribed Performance via Monitoring and Barrier Functions -- Part V: Chattering -- Chattering in Mechanical Systems Under Sliding-Mode Control -- Describing-Function-Based Analysis and Design of Approximated Sliding-Mode Controllers with Reduced Chattering -- Applications -- Blood Glucose Regulation for Type 1 Diabetic Patients at Intensive Care Unit via Continuous Sliding-Mode Algorithms -- A Reduced-Order Model-Based Design of Event-Triggered Sliding-Mode Control -- A Robust Approach for Fault Diagnosis in Railway Suspension Systems -- Flight Evaluation of a Sliding-Mode Fault-Tolerant Control Scheme -- Sliding-Mode-Based Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control for Quad-rotors -- Second-Order Sliding-Mode Leader-Follower Consensus for Networked Uncertain Diffusion Partial Differential Equations with Spatially Varying Diffusivity.