Part I. Literature reviews -- 1. Introductory issues on hierarchical analysis of occupancy and abundance of the Neotropical mammals -- 2. Small wild felids of South America: A review of studies, conservation threats and research needs -- 3. Patterns of occupancy and density of the small felids of tropical America -- 4. ales from southern Brazil: hierarchical modeling of occupancy, abundance, and density of Atlantic Forest and Pampa mammals -- 5. Modelling the abundance and spatial distribution of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in Patagonia: a review and future perspectives -- 6. Survey methods and hierarchical modeling for Mexican primates -- 7. Abundance, density, and occupancy of ungulates in the Maya Forest: A review -- Part II. Case studies -- 8. Factors influencing habitat occupancy by the spotted paca (Cuniculus paca) in Oaxaca, Mexico -- 9. Jaguars (Panthera onca) in the Llanos of Colombia and Venezuela: estimating distribution and population size by combining different modellingapproaches -- 10. Using camera trap data to simultaneously estimate jaguar (Panthera onca) density and resource selection in the Paraguayan Dry Chaco -- 11. Abundance of Coimbra-Filho's titi monkey in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil: use of N-mixture models for acoustic playback survey data -- 12. Modeling density and habitat preference of the mountain tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) in northern Peru using spatial mark-resight and occupancy models -- 13. Interweaving scientific and local ecological knowledge through studying the salience of wild mammals in two protected areas in the Monte ecoregion of Argentina -- 14. Occupancy modeling reveals that landscape-scale drive habitat use by white-tailed deer in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, Mexico -- 15. Overview of hierarchical models and future directions in the study of Neotropical mammals.