Introduction -- Part 1. History of UPE research -- Mitogenetic rays -- Oxidation, free-radicals and ultraweak luminescence -- Biophotons and the International Institute of Biophysics (IIB) -- Part 2. Physics of light and light research -- Physics of photon emission -- Chemiluminescence as a tool for free radical research -- Highly sensitive imaging and spectral analysis of UPE from biological systems and their application -- Part 3. Molecular mechnisms of UPE -- Free radicals in biology -- Ultraweak luminescence from aqueous systems -- Chemiluminescence in oxidation of hydrocarbons: mechanistic fundamentals -- Chemiluminescence in oxidation of fatty acids and lipids -- Chemiluminescence in protein oxidation -- Emitters of endogenous biological chemiluminescence: quantum chemical modeling insights -- Enzymatic sources of free radicals -- Part 4. UPE research in life science -- Luminescence of animal tissues and vegetable oils -- Ultraweak photon emission from human body in relation to anatomy and histology -- Chronobiological aspects of spontaneous ultra-weak photon emission in humans: Ultradian, circadian and infradian rhythms -- Autoluminescence in seedlings: applications -- Application potentiality of Delayed Luminescence in Medicine, Biology and Food Quality researches -- Part 5. Mitogenetic effect and related phenomena: unresolved problems of UPE -- Mitogenetic effect: preface -- Mitogenetic effect in biological systems -- Physical properties of mitogenetic radiation -- Secondary, degradation and necrobiotic radiation -- Mitogenetic research in medicine: radiation of blood and cancer diagnostics -- Part 6. Non-chemical distant interaction hypothesis - pro et contra -- Non-chemical distant interaction: preface -- The possible functions of electromagnetic cell communication -- Understanding of Fritz-Albert Popp's biophoton theory from the viewpoint of a biologist -- Limits to the information transfer through UPE -- Quantum nonlocality and biological coherence -- Part 7. Perspectives -- Integrating ultraweak photon emission in mitochondrial research -- Selected biophysical methods for enhancing biological autoluminescence -- Upconverting nanoparticles as sources of singlet oxygen -- Upconverting nanoparticles as sources of singlet oxygen -- Delayed Luminescence as a tool to study the structures of systems of biological interest and their collective long-living excited states -- Index.