Why This Book on Amazonian Mammals Is Needed -- Xenarthrans of Brazilian Amazon: Recent Discoveries, Knowledge Gaps, and Conservation Concerns -- Biodiversity and Conservation of Bats in the Brazilian Amazonia - With a Review of the Last 10 Years of Research -- Primates of Brazilian Amazonia: Knowledge, Research Gaps and Conservation Priorities -- Claws and Fangs: Carnivore Abundance and the Conservation Importance of Amazonia -- Mammalian Megafauna: A Cross-continental Comparison in Research Output -- Amazonian Aquatic Mammals: Existing Knowledge, Current Threats and Future Studies -- Historical Commercial Hunting of Mammals in Amazonia -- Subsistence Hunting and Wild Meat Trade -- Management of Subsistence Hunting of Mammals in Amazonia: A Case Study in Loreto, Peru -- Showing and Saving: The Challenges and Opportunities of Mammal-based Tourism in Brazilian Amazonia -- Large-scale Land-use Changes and the Amazonian Mammal Biota -- Habitat Fragmentation Impacts on Amazonian Non-volant Mammals -- Bat Responses to Anthropogenic Forest Fragmentation: Insights from an Amazonian Fragmentation Experiment in Brazil -- Infectious Diseases: A Threat to the Conservation of Amazonian Mammal Species -- Mining Impacts on Aquatic Mammals of the Brazilian Amazon -- Chapter Effects of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Especially on Amazonian Mammals -- Conservation Strategies for Mammals in Brazilian Amazonia: Future Studies at Local, Regional and Global Scales.