The Bromodomain as the Acetyl-Lysine Binding Domain in Gene Transcription -- PHD Fingers as Histone Readers -- Methyl-Lysine Recognition by the Royal Family Modules: Chromo, Tudor, MBT, Chromo Barrel, and PWWP Domains -- Histone Recognition by WD40 Proteins -- Methyl-Lys Recognition by Ankyrin Repeat Proteins -- Methyl-Arginine Recognition by Tudor Domains -- Histone Recognition by Tandem Modules and Modulation by Multiple PTMs -- Genome-Wide Profiling of Molecular Recognition of Histone PTMs -- BET Bromodomain Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach in Hematological Malignancies -- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of BET Protein Inhibition Through Modulation of Gene Transcription -- Activating Latent HIV by Inhibiting Bromodomain Proteins -- Small Molecule Modulation of Methyl-Lysine Mediated Interactions.