chapter 1 Questionnaires and Rating Scales / chapter 2 Multiple Sleep Latency Test / chapter 3 Maintenance of Wakefulness Test / chapter 4 Psychomotor Vigilance Performance: Neurocognitive Assay Sensitive to Sleep Loss / chapter 5 Major Sleep Disorders / chapter 6 Medical Conditions and Diseases / chapter 7 Neonates / chapter 8 Inadequate Sleep in Children and Adolescents / chapter 9 Pregnancy and Postpartum / chapter 10 Epidemiological Health Impact / chapter 11 Societal and Economic Impact of Sleep Loss and Sleepiness / chapter 12 General Occupational Implications of Round-the-Clock Operations / chapter 13 Impact on Self-reported Sleepiness, Performance, Effort, and Motivation / chapter 14 Driving Performance / chapter 15 Commercial and Public Transportation Impact / chapter 16 Military Operational Effectiveness / chapter 17 Athletic Performance / chapter 18 Medical Resident/Physician Performance / chapter 19 Legal Implications / chapter 20 Stimulants / chapter 21 Behavioral and Environmental Countermeasures / chapter 22 Naps / chapter 23 Sleep Restriction as Therapy for Insomnia / chapter 24 Recovery from Sleep Deprivation / chapter 25 Sleep Length / chapter 26 The Role of Endogenous Sleep-promoting Substances / chapter 27 The Role of Pharmacological Interventions for Sleep Deprivation / chapter 28 Eliminating Cumulative Sleep Debt and Sleep Satiation / chapter 29 A Concluding Note on Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Mechanisms.