Covering conceptual and statistical methods, this book discusses the issues related to measuring and interpreting patient reported outcomes (PROs). It begins with a review and background information and then covers measurement scales, validity and reliability, item response theory, and missing data. The book also describes various statistical analysis techniques, including exploratory, cross-sectional, and longitudinal data analysis, and highlights the practical interpretation and application of the techniques in clinical and pharmaceutical settings. SAS code for all methods is available in an appendix and online--Provided by publisher.