chapter 1 Introduction -- chapter 2 Strategies for Aerobic Degradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds by Bacteria: Process Discovery to Field Application -- chapter 3 Molecular Biology of Nitroarene Degradation -- chapter 4 Perspectives of Bioelimination of Polynitroaromatic Compounds -- chapter 5 Identification of Genes Involved in Picric Acid and 2,4-Dinitrophenol Degradation by mRNA Differential Display -- chapter 6 Microbial Degradation of Mononitrophenols and Mononitrobenzoates -- chapter 7 The Role of Nitrate Ester Reductase Enzymes in the Biodegradation of Explosives -- chapter 8 Anaerobic Transformation of TNT by Clostridium -- chapter 9 Fungal Degradation of Explosives: TNT and Related Nitroaromatic Compounds -- chapter 10 Phytoremediation and Plant Metabolism of Explosives and Nitroaromatic Compounds -- chapter 11 Biodegradation of RDX and HMX: From Basic Research to Field Application -- chapter 12 Subsurface Chemistry of Nitroaromatic Compounds -- chapter 13 Composting (Humification) of Nitroaromatic Compounds -- chapter 14 Applications and Costs for Biological Treatment of Explosives-Contaminated Soils in the U.S.