chapter Introduction -- chapter Physiology and Physiopathology -- chapter Part I: Introduction to amino acid metabolism -- chapter 1 Measurement of amino acid concentrations in biological fluids and tissues using ion exchange chromatography -- chapter 2 Measurement of amino acid concentrations in biological fluids and tissues using reversed-phase HPLC-based methods -- chapter 3 Approaches to studying amino acid metabolism: from quantitative assays to flux assessment using stable isotopes -- chapter 4 Cellular uptake of amino acids: systems and regulation -- chapter Part II: Physiology -- chapter section A: Metabolism -- chapter 5 Amino acid metabolism and gluconeogenesis -- chapter 6 Contribution of amino acids to ketogenesis -- chapter 7 Ureagenesis and ammoniagenesis: an update -- chapter 8 Metabolism of branched-chain amino acids in man -- chapter 9 The glutamate crossway -- chapter 10 Arginine metabolism in mammals -- chapter 11 Glutamine metabolism -- chapter section B: Control of and by amino acids -- chapter 12 Insulin and the regulation of amino acid catabolism and protein turnover -- chapter 13 Control of amino acid metabolism by counterregulatory hormones -- chapter 4 teen. Nitric oxide -- chapter 15 Control of amino acid metabolism by lipids, ketone bodies, and glucose substrates -- chapter 6 teen. Amino acid signaling and the control of protein metabolism -- chapter 17 The role of amino acids in the control of proteolysis -- chapter 18 Anabolic effects and signaling pathways triggered by amino acids in the liver -- chapter 19 Amino acids and immune function -- chapter 20 Amino acid-mediated insulin secretion -- chapter Part III: Amino acid metabolism in disease -- chapter 21 Cancer-associated cachexia: altered metabolism of protein and amino acids -- chapter 22 Diabetes mellitus -- chapter 23 Acidosis and amino acid metabolism -- chapter 24 Muscle protein and amino acid metabolism with respect to age-related sarcopenia -- chapter 25 Gastrointestinal disease -- chapter 26 Amino acids and ammonia in liver disease -- chapter Requirements and Supply -- chapter Part IV: Amino acid requirements -- chapter 27 Nutritional essentiality of amino acids and amino acid requirements in healthy adults -- chapter 28 Neonatal requirements for amino acids -- chapter 29 Amino acid requirements in the elderly -- chapter 30 Amino acid requirements in sport -- chapter Part V: Amino acid supply in diseases -- chapter section A: Quantitative and qualitative aspects -- chapter 31 Quantitative and qualitative amino acid intake by the parenteral route -- chapter 32 Quantitative and qualitative aspects of nitrogen supply in enteral nutrition in relation to free amino acids and peptides -- chapter 33 Branched-chain amino and keto acids in renal failure -- chapter 34 Glutamine-supplemented diets in enteral nutrition -- chapter 35 The use of arginine in clinical practice -- chapter 36 Glutamine and glutamine-containing dipeptides -- chapter 37 Ornithinea-ketoglutarate -- chapter section B: Formulas devoted to specific situations -- chapter 38 Amino acid support in patients with catabolic illness -- chapter 39 Sulfur-containing amino acids and glutathione in diseases -- chapter 40 Amino acid requirement in cancer -- chapter 41 Amino acid solutions for acute renal failure -- chapter 42 Amino acids to support gut function and morphology -- chapter section C: Nutraceutics -- chapter 43 L-arginine-enriched diets in cardiovascular diseases -- chapter 44 Taurine homeostasis and its importance for physiological functions