chapter Introduction -- chapter 1 Bridging the Worlds of CAD and GIS -- chapter 2 3D Data Acquisition and Object Reconstruction for AEC/CAD -- chapter 3 Three-Dimensional Representations and Data Structures in GIS and AEC -- chapter 4 3D Geo-DBMS -- chapter 5 Interaction and Visualization of 3D City Models for Location-Based Services -- chapter 6 Ontology and Semantic Interoperability -- chapter 7 Data Integration and Interoperability: OGC Standards for Geo-Information -- chapter 8 3D Topological Framework for Robust Digital Spatial Models -- chapter 9 Virtual Geographic Environments.