chapter 1 Basic Information on the Sugarcane Plant / chapter 2 Molecular Cytogenetics / chapter 3 Diversity Analysis / chapter 4 Association Studies / chapter 5 Molecular Genetic Linkage Mapping in Saccharum: Strategies, Resources and Achievements / chapter 6 Mapping, Tagging and Map-based Cloning of Simply Inherited Traits / chapter 7 Molecular Mapping of Complex Traits / chapter 8 Structural Genomics and Genome Sequencing / chapter 9 Functional Genomics: Transcriptomics of Sugarcane— Current Status and Future Prospects / chapter 10 Proteomics and Metabolomics / chapter 11 Role of Bioinformatics as a Tool for Sugarcane Research / chapter 12 Future Prospects