chapter 1. Detection of whole viruses -- chapter 2. Instrumentation -- chapter 3. Proof concept using MS2 -- chapter 4. Concentration of viruses -- chapter 5. Cause and effect curves -- chapter 6. Isolating single viruses from multivirus mixtures -- chapter 7. Analyzing various viruses -- chapter 8. Detection of other nanoparticles -- chapter 9. Direct counting of pili -- chapter 10. Detecting viruses in honeybees -- chapter 11. Pulsed lamp decontamination -- chapter 12. Current and future trends.