part Unit I: General Principles -- chapter 1 Introduction -- chapter 2 Bioavailability of Chemical Contaminants in Aquatic Systems -- chapter 3 Toxicokinetics in Fishes -- chapter 4 Biotransformation in Fishes -- chapter 5 Receptor-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity -- chapter 6 Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress -- part Unit II: Key Target Systems and Organismal Effects -- chapter 7 Liver Toxicity -- chapter 8 The Osmoregulatory System -- chapter 9 Toxic Responses of the Fish Nervous System -- chapter 10 The Endocrine System -- chapter 11 The Immune System of Fish: A Target Organ of Toxicity -- chapter 12 Chemical Carcinogenesis in Fishes -- chapter 13 Toxicity Resistance -- part Unit III: Methodologies and Applications -- chapter 14 Exposure Assessment and Modeling in the Aquatic Environment -- chapter 15 Fish Toxicity Studies -- chapter 16 Biomarkers -- chapter 17 Aquatic Ecosystems for Ecotoxicological Research: Considerations in Design Analysis for Fish -- chapter 18 Ecological Risk Assessment -- part Unit IV: Case Studies -- chapter 19 Mining Impacts on Fish in the Clark Fork River, Montana: A Field Ecotoxicology Case Study -- chapter 20 Toxicology of Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides in Fish: A Case Study -- chapter 21 Reproductive Impairment of Great Lakes Lake Trout by Dioxin-Like Chemicals -- chapter 22 The Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fish from Puget Sound, Washington -- chapter 23 Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on Pacific Herring in Prince William Sound, Alaska -- chapter 24 Case Study: Pulp and Paper Mills Impacts -- chapter 25 Estrogenic Effects of Treated Sewage Effluent on Fish: Steroids and Surfactants in English Rivers.