Characteristics of plant life : hazards from pollutants / Plant stress : avoidance, adaptation, defense / Uptake and transport of xenobiotics / Air pollution : trace gases as inducers of plant damage / Limitation of salt stress to plant growth / Mineral element toxicities : aluminum and manganese / Herbicides / Molecular basis of toxic effects : inhibition of cellular pathways and structural components / Metabolism and elimination of toxicants / Host-pathogen relations : diseases caused by viruses, subviral organisms, and phytoplasmas / Interactions between host plants and fungal and bacterial pathogens / Allelopathy