Introduction to pharmacoeconomics / William F. McGhan -- Decision modeling techniques / Mark S. Roberts and Ken Smith -- Cost of illness / Renee J.G. Arnold -- Markov modeling in decision analysis / J. Robert Beck -- Retrospective database analysis / Renee J.G. Arnold and Sanjeev Balu -- What is cost-minimization analysis? / Alan Haycox -- Cost-effectiveness analysis / Kenneth J. Smith and Mark S. Roberts -- Budget impact analysis / Lieven Annemans -- Cost-utility analysis : a case study of a quadrivalent human Papillomavirus vaccine / Erik J. Dasbach, Ralph P. Insinga, and Elamin H. Elbasha -- Some problems/assumptions in pharmacoeconomic analysis / Stuart Birks -- Patient-reported outcome measures / Dianne Bryant, Gordon Guyatt, and Renee J.G. Arnold -- Sensitivity analysis / Maarten J. Postma -- Use of pharmacoeconomics in drug reimbursement in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom : what can we learn from international experience? / Michael Drummond and Corinna Sorenson -- Pharmacoeconomics in disease management : practical applications and persistent challenges / Ryung Suh and David Atkins -- Computer aided decision making from drug discovery to pharmacoeconomics / Sean Ekins and Renee J.G. Arnold -- Speculations on the future challenges and value of pharmacoeconomics / J. Jaime Caro, Denis Getsios, and Rachael L. Fleurence.