1. Introduction to toxicology : the necessity of measurement -- 2. Normality : definition and maintenance -- 3. Determination of toxicity : the basic principles -- 4. Determination of toxicity : in vitro and alternatives -- 5. Safety pharmacology -- 6. Determination : general and reproductive toxicology -- 7. Determination : genotoxicity and carcinogenicity -- 8. Determination : dermal toxicity : sensitisation, irritation, and corrosion --

9. Determination : environmental toxicology and ecotoxicology -- 10. Interpretation : basic principles -- 11. Interpretation : different data types -- 12. Prediction of hazard -- 13. Background to risk due to toxicity -- 14. Risk assessment in practice and setting exposure limits -- 15. Risk assessment and management in the workplace -- 16. Risk assessment : carcinogenicity, the environment, evolution, and overview of risk assessment -- 17. Evaluation of specific classes of chemical -- 18. The future of toxicity testing and risk assessment.