1. Introduction to toxicology : the necessity of measurement -- 2. Normality : definition and maintenance -- 3. Determination of toxicitiy : basic principles -- 4. Determination of toxicity in vitro -- 5. Determination : general and reproductive toxicology -- 6. Determination : genotoxicity and carcinogenicity -- 7. Determination : irritation and sensitisation -- 8. Determination : environmental toxicology and epidemiology -- 9. Interpretation -- 10. Prediction of hazard -- 11. Background to risk due to toxicity -- 12. Risk assessment in practice and setting exposure limits -- 13. Risk assessment and management in the workplace -- 14. Risk assessment : carcinogenicity, the environment, evolution and overview of risk assessment -- 15. The future of toxicity testing.