Since the publication of the first volume on proteomics in nephrology, methodologies and protocols for renal and urinary proteome analyses have been continuously improved, resulting in considerable progress towards clinical application. Proteomics not only contributes to a better understanding of the renal physiology and pathogenic mechanisms of kidney diseases, but also assists in the search for novel biomarkers for diagnostics and prognostics and supports the definition and development of new therapeutic targets and drugs for better therapeutic outcome. While the first volume focused mainly on an overview, technologies and methodologies, this volume highlights successful applications of proteomics to several kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, renal allograft rejection, renal cell carcinoma, obstructive nephropathy, kidney stone disease, uremia, and others. Written by acclaimed experts in proteomics and nephrology, this book is an excellent resource of references for nephrologists, clinicians, pharmacists, other healthcare professionals, proteomists, physiologists, scientists, and trainees.